05春护理专科《医学英语》平时作业（1）
I. Read the following passage and then decide whether the statements to follow are true or false.
Women who have never smoked but who are
regularly exposed to cigarette smoke at home or at work are almost twice as
likely to develop coronary heart disease as women who are not exposed to
tobacco smoke, according to a study in the 20 May 1997 issue of the journal
Circulation. This latest study is another black eye for the already embattled
tobacco industry and new ammunition for individuals claiming that they have
been unfairly harmed by so-called secondhand tobacco smoke.
Over a
dozen studies have been undertaken to assess the relationship between
environment tobacco smoke and coronary heart disease, but this is the strongest
association yet observed. Other studies have found that nonsmokers exposed to
environmental tobacco smoke increase their risk of coronary heart disease by
20-30%, although some studies have not been able to find any statistically
significant excess risk associated with exposure to environmental tobacco
smoke.
The
authors of the latest study contend, however, that the research improves upon
past efforts because they consider exposures to environmental tobacco smoke
both at work and at home, while nearly all other studies have looked at
exposures in only one location. Also, the authors adjusted for a broad range of
risk factors for coronary heart disease, many of which could have confounded
the results of past studies. Among these risk factors were age, alcohol intake,
weight, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol levels, menopausal status, use of
post-menopausal hormones, use of oral contraceptives, exercises, saturated fat
intake, vitamin E intake, aspirin intake, and parental history of myocardial
infarction.
After
adjusting for such factors, the authors found that, compared to women who
reported not exposure to secondhand smoke, women occasionally exposed had a 58%
greater chance of developing coronary heart disease, and wumen regularly
exposed to smoke had a 91% greater chance of developing the disease. Ichiro
Kawachi, an assistant professor of nedicine at Harvard Medical School and the
lead author of the study, called the results “startling”.
Kawachi
and colleagues at Harvard and at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston
conducted the prospective study on a cohort of 32,046 women between the ages of
36 and 61 who were already participants in Harvard’s Nurses’ Health Study. In
1982, the women were asked their exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke. The
cohort was then followed until 1992 with study endpoints consisting of nonfatal
myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease.
A
weakness of the study, conceded the authors, was its reliance on the subjects
to determine if they were regularly exposed, occasionally exposed, or not
exposed to secondhand smoke. Also, this exposure evaluation was made only once
at the beginning of the 10-year study period. The authors conclude that these
circumstances would be likely to weaken the association between exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke and heart disease. This is because smoking was
banned from many hospitals during the study period, so nurses in the study
group probably reported higher exposure at baseline than they would have toward
the end of the study.
The results of the
study may lend support to the claims of a group of flight attendants who
brought suit in May against cigarette manufacturers foe illnesses they
attribute to years of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in airplane
cabins. The study could also strengthen the hand of 31 states’ attorneys
general who are trying to reach an out-of-court settlement with the tobacco
companies for reimbursement of state Medicaid funds used to treat smokers. The
proposed settlement between the attorneys general and the cigarette
manufacturers would give the tobacco industry limited protection against
lawsuits such as that brought by the airline attendants. But it must first be
approved by Congress and the president, who has voiced objection to the
restraints that the deal places on the Food and Drug Administration to regulate
tobacco as a drug in the future.
( ) 1. Secondhand smoke does harm to our health,
especially to our hearts, according to the latest study.
( ) 2. The
new study is a disgrace of the already embattled tobacco industry and a support
for individuals claiming that they have been unfairly harmed by secondhand
tobacco smoke.
( ) 3. Besides a lot of factors for coronary heart
disease, secondhand snoke increased the risk of coronary heart disease by
20%-30%.
( ) 4. The study aimed at the relationship between risk
factors for coronary heart disease and secondhand smoke.
( ) 5. The past study concentrated on the secondhand
smoke both at home and at work.
( ) 6. After adjusting the factors for coronary heart
disease, the results indicated that secondhand smoke is not necessarily serious
enough.
( ) 7. Secondhand smoke made the subjects come down with
unfatal myocardinal infarction and fatal coronary heart disease.
( ) 8. A weakness of the study weakened the association
between exposure environmental tobacco smoke and heart disease.
( ) 9. At the beginning of the study, nurses in the
study group likely did less secondhanf smoking than they would do later.
( ) 10. It is a black eye for both cigarette manufacturers and the group of flight attendants who brought suit in May.
II.
Vocabulary
Choose
the best answer. Only one answer is correct.
11. None of the passengers________ the suitcase.
A. exclaimed B. promised C. declaimed D. claimed
12. We will_________ all smoking in our school.
A. do away B. free of C. ban
D. get rid
13. We will ________our concert with the National Anthem.
A. shut in B. pause
C. interrupt D.conclude
14. Weather _________the size of the crop.
A. insures B. reaffirms C. confirms D. determines
15. The missile has a ________of 20 000km.
A. arrage B.range C. cover D.
round
16. He made a successful ________across the ocean to do business in the
US.
A.
trail
B. enroute C. flight D.
hover
17. The council has now ________the scheme of the erection of a new
library.
A. approved B. consented C.
assented D.
agreed
18. The cyclist was knocked down by a lorry and was _______injured.
A. fatally B. death C. dead D.
deadly
19. A man _______his family.
A. raises B. elevates C.
lifts
D. rises
20. They are fighting to ________their country.
A. detect B. protect C. attend D. guide
05春护理专科《医学英语》平时作业（2）
I. 词汇练习：选出下列单词或短语的英文
1.
护理学校
A. the Nursing School B. the Middle School
C. the Primary School
D. the School
2.
哮喘
A.
headache B. cough C. fever D. asthma
3.
蛋白质
A.
fiber B. protein C. fat D. egg
4.
获得性免疫缺陷综合症
A.
AIDS B. HIV C. HAV D. AD
5.
抗生素
A.bacteria B. antibiotic
C. microbiologist D.
microbe
II. 语法练习：（单项选择题）
6.
Nothing
can_____ for the moment.
A. do B. done C. be done D.
does
7.
Fred’s good
nature makes him the most _________ boy in the school.
A.
disappointed B. popular C. naughty D.
clever
8. I’ll
be staying with Adian _________ brother is one of my closest friends.
A. who B.
whose C. which D. why
9. The patient’s condition was ____.
A. discouraged
B. discouraging C. to
discourage D. discourage
10. “Is nursing ______practical than English?”
“No, nursing is ____practical ____ English.”
A. more more….than B. as more ……than
C. more as…as
D. as
as…..as
11. Respiratory diseases usually _______ smoking.
A. results from B. results in C result from D. result in
12. ________ difficult the task is, we will fulfil it.
A.
No matter
how B. No matter what C. No matter who
D. No matter where
13. Let’s go immediately _____ we will get there on time
for the lecture.
A. and B.
but C. so that D. or else
14. Many of the old houses ______ down to make way for new
buildings.
A. are pulled B. have
pulled C. would pull D. pull
15. Who will _______ the responsibility for this work?
A. catch up B. set down C. take on D. make for
III、汉译英
1、她从护校毕业就在这家医院工作。
2、当我走进病房时，张护士正在给一位病人量体温。
3、这可以归因于他们富裕的生活和当地良好的医疗服务。
4． 他把心脏比作一个泵。
5． 为什么你不过一段时间，等咳嗽好些以后再锻炼呢？
IV、英译汉
1、Many people think asthma comes and goes,
day and day, week by week.
2、Choose activities you enjoy.
3． Smokers are susceptible to a number of
diseases.
4.
The machine’s
breakdown is due to its wear and tear.
5.
Scientists
are experimenting with a new method to cure cancer.
05春护理专科《医学英语》平时作业（3）
I. 词汇练习：选出写出下列单词或短语的英文
1. 传染
A. have
B. infect C. transfer D. do
2. 心理的
A. psychological B. heart C.
in D. physical
3. palpitation
A. 同伴 B. 步行 C. 心悸 D. 功能
4. 病人
A. man B.
ill C. disease D. patient
5. 糖尿病
A. diabetes
B. sugar C. ache D. doing
II、语法练习：（单项选择题）
6. If I ______ out of gas, I would have come by car.
A. didn’t run B. shouldn’t run
C. haven’t run D. hadn’t
run
7. He made a suggestion that we _____ to the
Summer Palace for a picnic.
A. were going B. should go C.
will go D. were to go
8.
It is high time
you ________ smoking.
A. stopped B. stop C.
stops D. will stop
9.
I would rather you ______ here with me for another night.
A. will stay B. stayed C.
staying D. stay
10.
The nurse
said _________ten hours a day in a hospital wasn’t much fun.
A. working B. to work C. she works D. that she works
III、完型填空
11 your
support, Mr. Dawson 12 his medicine 13 ,
modifies his diet, 14 controls his fluid intake. He 15 regularly and 16 5 weeks has
joined a walking group at the local mall. Before you are 17 from his
case, remind him 18 have regular follow-up visits 19 his health care practitioner to help
control his HF and prevent a 20 .
11.
A. With B.
In C.
Did D.
do
12.
A. about B.
takes C. are D.
were
13.
A. in B. correctly C. shop
D. time
14.
A. do B. is C. and D. who
15.
A. exercises B. or C. do D. than
16.
A. hard B. for C. within D. go
17.
A. an B. two C. it D.
discharged
18.
A. is B. are C.
am D. to
19.
A. or B. with C.
and D. man
20.
A. relapse B. go C. belong D. come
IV、汉译英
1. 我们一生中三分之一的时间用于睡眠。
2、 要成为一名医生，你要接受相当程度的文化教育和培训。
3、 给病人注射的是外科的护士长。
V、英译汉
1、Remember, talk to your health professional
before starting an exercise program.
2、When your pet comes in from outdoors, wipe
him or her with a damp cloth.
3、Never allow a pet in your bedroom.
05春护理专科《医学英语》平时作业（4）
1.
The teacher
told the class to_____their books.
A. put
away B. put up C. put on D.put by
2.
Not until the
game had begun_____at the sports ground.
A. he arrived B. he didn’t arrive C. did he arrive D. would he arrive
3.
Most Chinese
like to drink tea. But some prefer coffee_____tea.
A. to B. for C. with D. against
4.
Two _____died
of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people C. hundreds old peoples
D. hundred old peoples
5.
I would
rather you________good to him.
A. do B. will do C. has done D.did
6.
If you want
to telephone him, you’ll have to ______up the number in the book.
A. look B. see C. find D. search
7.
It _____John
and Kate who helped me the other day.
A. is B. was C. are D. are
8.
The enemy
troops ______heavy losses in the battle.
A. suffered B. received C. accepted D. met
9.
Her English
is very good. She can speak
English better than______in her grade.
A. any one B. the one C. any one else D. other student
10. ______is known to the world, Mark Twain is
a great American writer.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
One of the world’s most deadly health problems is
spreading to new places. The problem is heart disease and it is affecting more
and more people in developing nations. For years the heart disease has been the
number one cause of death in most industrial nations. The heart disease has
claimed more life than cancer, accidents, or AIDs. In the past, in most
developing nations fewer people died from heart disease. They died instead from
diseases such as lung disease. Now
the World Health Organization has warned that heart disease is increasing
rapidly in almost every developing nation. Why is this happening? One reason is
that people in developing nations are living longer. Another reason is that
many people have changed the way they live. They now eat more fat and eat fewer
fruits and vegetables. They drink more alcohol and they smoke tobacco products.
More people also work in offices now. They sit at the desk all day. They don’t
get enough physical exercises. The World Health Organization is worried about
the increasing heart disease in developing areas. It has called on health
experts in these countries to learn more about the problem.
1.
The sentence
in line 4 “The heart disease has claimed more life than cancer, accidents or
AIDs.” Means____________.
A) “ The number of people who have got heart
disease is more than the number of people who have got cancer or AIDs.”
B) “The number of people who died from heart
disease is more than the number of people who died from cancer, accidents or
AIDs.”
C) “More and more people realize the danger of
heart disease.”
D) “Fewer people are afraid of heart disease
now.”
2.
In the past,
the main cause of death in the developing countries has been the disease such
as__________.
A) cancer
B) AIDs C) lung
disease D) heart disease
3.
What tone is
the author using in stating the spreading of heart disease in the developing
countries ?
A) Sad
B) Warning C)
Nervous D) Excited
4.
Which of the
following reasons is NOT mentioned in the passage about the
heart-disease-increasing in developing countries?
A) People in the developing countries live
longer than before now.
B) Many people in the developing countries
have changed their diet.
C) Many people in the developing countries
have changed the place they live.
D) Many people in the developing countries
have got less physical exercises now.
5.
Which of the
following might be the best title for this passage?
A) Death Rate in Developing Countries and
Developed Countries
B) How to Prevent Heart Disease in the
Developing Countries
C) Why Heart Disease Is a Deadly Problem
D) The Problem of Heart Disease in Developing
Countries
Put the following sentences into Chinese:
1.
She is
repeatedly subjected to torture.
2.
The doctor
prescribed a holiday as the best cure for his depression.
3.
He woked up,
yawned and stretched.
4.
The new drug
has undergone extensive medical trials.
5.
This novel is
based on historical facts.